The United Nations outlined the 17 SDG’s for achieving a sustainable future for all in 2012 in Rio de Janeiro in the conference on sustainable development. While in theory and in principal these goals are set to one size fits all, the problem with the implementation of these goals is somewhat problematic. This would range from developing countries to underdeveloped countries by means and measure, as not all such countries stand at equal footing. I want to look briefly at the SDG’s and how they relate to the Lebanese condition, as I think it could be particularly revealing.
Achieving the SDGs in a developing country such as Lebanon can be particularly challenging due to a range of factors, including political instability, economic fragility, social inequality, and environmental degradation. These challenges are often interconnected and mutually reinforcing, making progress on one SDG difficult without addressing others.
Lebanon, in particular, faces significant challenges in achieving the SDGs due to a range of political, economic, and social issues. The country has been plagued by political instability and conflict for many years, with a long history of sectarian tensions and foreign interference. In recent years, the country has also experienced a severe economic crisis, characterized by high inflation, currency devaluation, and widespread poverty. The COVID-19 pandemic has only intensified these challenges, further straining the healthcare system and exacerbating social and economic inequalities.
SDG 1: No Poverty
Lebanon faces significant challenges in achieving SDG 1, particularly in light of the recent economic and social crises. The country has experienced a severe economic downturn in recent years, characterized by high inflation, currency devaluation, and widespread poverty. This has been compounded by political instability, which has hindered economic growth and reduced investor confidence. As a result, many Lebanese struggle to make ends meet, with high levels of unemployment and limited access to basic necessities such as food, water, and healthcare. Marginalized and vulnerable groups such as women, children, refugees, and people with disabilities are particularly affected, facing multiple forms of discrimination and exclusion.
The COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated these challenges, further straining the healthcare system and exacerbating social and economic inequalities. The pandemic has led to widespread job losses, reduced economic activity, and increased poverty, particularly among informal workers and those employed in sectors such as tourism and hospitality. The pandemic has also led to a surge in demand for social protection programs and healthcare services, which have been strained by limited resources and infrastructure. In addition, the pandemic has disrupted education and social services, exacerbating existing inequalities and hindering progress toward achieving the SDGs. Addressing these challenges will require sustained and coordinated efforts from the government, civil society organizations, and international partners, with a focus on promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth, strengthening social protection systems, and ensuring universal access to basic services.
Despite the challenges and economic crises facing Lebanon, the country has a relatively strong social safety net that includes various social assistance programs and subsidies as well as social centers. In addition, the country has a vibrant civil society sector that plays a key role in providing assistance and support to vulnerable populations, including through initiatives such as food banks, community kitchens, and health clinics.
SDG 2: Zero Hunger
Again, in light of the recent economic and social crises, Lebanon faces significant challenges in achieving SDG 2. The country is highly dependent on food imports, which account for over 80% of its food supply. The recent currency devaluation and inflation have made food prices prohibitively high for many Lebanese, leading to increased food insecurity and malnutrition. Marginalized and vulnerable groups such as women, children, refugees, and people with disabilities are particularly affected, facing higher rates of food insecurity and malnutrition.
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the food system and led to disruptions in the food supply chain, with reduced food imports and distribution channels. This has further increased food prices and reduced access to healthy and nutritious food, particularly for vulnerable populations. In addition, the pandemic has disrupted agricultural production, with reduced access to labor, inputs, and markets. This has affected small farmers and rural communities, who are already facing significant challenges in accessing markets and resources.
Addressing these challenges requires sustained and coordinated efforts from the government, civil society organizations, and international partners, with a focus on promoting food security, strengthening agricultural systems, and ensuring universal access to nutritious and healthy food. Alas, that is almost impossible to achieve.
Yet, Lebanon still has a rich agricultural sector that includes a diverse range of crops and livestock, as well as traditional farming practices that have been passed down through generations. The country also has a rich culinary culture that celebrates fresh, locally sourced ingredients and promotes healthy eating habits. Moreover, there are several initiatives and programs in place that aim to promote sustainable agriculture and food security, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) programs on sustainable land management and the United Nations World Food Programme’s (WFP) initiatives on food assistance and nutrition. I personally attest to the transformations that happened in our village at the start of the economic collapse and COVID 19, where all abandoned agricultural plots suddenly we attended to and utilized for agriculture, even on the small scale to supplement the food security for families, especially in the villages.
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
Lebanon faces significant challenges in achieving SDG 3, particularly in light of the recent economic and social crises. The country’s healthcare system has been strained by the COVID-19 pandemic, with limited resources and infrastructure to meet the surge in demand for healthcare services. This has further exacerbated existing inequalities in access to healthcare, again affecting primarily the marginalized and vulnerable groups such as women, children, refugees, and people with disabilities who face significant barriers to accessing quality healthcare. In addition, the country has seen a significant rise in mental health issues, with the pandemic and economic crises leading to increased stress, anxiety, and depression among the population. One simple example is a friend of mine, whose brother is in the hospital, and they cannot afford the medical bills. She bursts in tears every time she is reminded by the reality of the situation.
Another challenge to achieving SDG 3 in Lebanon is the impact of conflict and instability on healthcare systems. The country has been affected by conflict in recent years, which have undermined the healthcare system and reduced access to basic health services. This is particularly true for marginalized and vulnerable populations such as refugees and internally displaced persons, who face significant barriers to accessing healthcare due to legal, financial, and logistical challenges. In addition, the country has been grappling with a growing burden of non-communicable diseases such as cancer and diabetes, which are further exacerbated by the economic crisis and limited access to healthcare services. Addressing these challenges will require a focus on strengthening the healthcare system, promoting universal access to quality healthcare, and addressing the social determinants of health.
One of the possible solutions to this problem could capitalize on what is already in place. Lebanon has a relatively well-developed healthcare system that includes public and private hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies. The country has a relatively high life expectancy and low infant mortality rate compared to other countries in the region. Moreover, Lebanon has a strong tradition of herbal and natural medicine, as well as a vibrant wellness and spa industry that promotes holistic health and well-being. The infrastructure is there. The trick is to efficiently use it.
SDG 4: Quality Education
Lebanon has always had access to quality education since its inception. But, in light of the recent economic and social crises Lebanon faces significant challenges in achieving SDG 4. The country has been struggling lately to provide quality education to all its citizens, with significant disparities in access to education based on gender, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. The recent economic crisis and political instability have further hindered progress in this area, with limited resources and infrastructure to support education. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread disruptions in the education system, with school closures and reduced access to online learning exacerbating existing inequalities in access to education.
Another challenge to achieving SDG 4 in Lebanon is the impact of conflict and displacement on education. The country is host to a large number of refugees and displaced persons, many of whom face significant barriers to accessing education due to legal, financial, and logistical challenges. This has further compounded existing inequalities in education, with refugee children and youth facing significant barriers to accessing quality education. Addressing these challenges will require a focus on promoting inclusive and equitable access to quality education for all, including refugees and displaced persons, and addressing the social and economic determinants of educational inequality.
But, Lebanon has a long history of investing in education, with a literacy rate of over 93% and a relatively high level of access to primary and secondary education. The country has a diverse range of educational institutions, including public and private schools, universities, and vocational training centers. Moreover, Lebanon is home to a rich cultural heritage and a vibrant arts and literature scene, which provide unique opportunities for cultural education and enrichment. Again, the infrastructure is there. What needs to be addressed is a new focus on national public schools versus only access to private schools. These schools need to be updated and reintegrates as an essential part of the education system.
SDG 5: Gender Equality
Lebanon faces some challenges in achieving SDG 5 and has struggled with issues of gender inequality, with women and girls facing significant barriers to accessing education, employment, and political representation, albeit, not particularly due to systemic inequalities, but rather through cultural and religious norms. The recent economic crisis has exacerbated these challenges, with women and girls facing higher rates of unemployment and poverty. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted and exacerbated existing gender inequalities, with women and girls facing increased burdens of care work, reduced access to healthcare and social protection.
Another challenge to achieving SDG 5 in Lebanon is the impact of social and cultural norms on gender equality. The country is deeply rooted in cultural norms and structures, which have perpetuated gender inequalities and limited the rights and opportunities of women and girls. Even though Lebanese women have had a significant access to economic, cultural and political life, this representation is still considered shy. Achieving gender equality requires a focus on promoting gender-sensitive policies and legislation, empowering women and girls through education and training, addressing the root causes of gender inequality, and promoting a culture of gender equality and respect.
Still, Lebanon has made progress in recent years towards promoting gender equality, with women’s representation in political and public life increasing in recent years. Women are also well-represented in the labor force, particularly in the fields of education and healthcare. Moreover, Lebanon has a vibrant civil society sector that includes women’s rights organizations and initiatives that aim to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment. The main challenge remains in certain laws that are outdated and need quite a push to be resolved, when it comes to equality before the law and the government.
SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
Lebanon, despite its vast natural water resources, has long struggled with issues of water scarcity and pollution, with limited access to clean and safe drinking water, inadequate wastewater treatment facilities, and limited investment in water infrastructure. The recent economic crisis has further exacerbated these challenges, with limited resources and funding available for water and sanitation projects. In addition, the country has been grappling with the impact of the ongoing Syrian refugee crisis, with significant pressure on water resources and infrastructure in host communities.
Another challenge to achieving SDG 6 in Lebanon is the impact of environmental degradation and climate change on water resources. The country is facing increasing threats from climate change, including rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events. These threats are exacerbating existing challenges around water scarcity and pollution, with increased pressure on water resources and decreased water quality.
Addressing this SDG requires a focus on promoting sustainable and equitable access to clean water and sanitation, investing in water infrastructure and technology, promoting water conservation and efficiency, and addressing the root causes of water scarcity and pollution, including climate change and unsustainable water management practices. The resources are abundant and available. Their management is mediocre at best.
On the flipside, Lebanon has abundant water resources, including several rivers and lakes, as well as a network of underground aquifers. The country also has a relatively high level of access to clean drinking water and sanitation services compared to other countries in the region. Moreover, Lebanon has several initiatives and programs in place that aim to promote sustainable water management and conservation, such as the UNDP Water, Energy, and Environment project and the World Bank’s Water Supply and Sanitation Services project.
SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
Lebanon has long struggled with issues of energy security, with limited domestic energy resources and dependence on imported fossil fuels. In essence, this is one of the country’s greatest challenges. The recent economic crisis has further exacerbated these challenges, with limited resources and funding available for energy projects and reduced access to affordable energy for households and businesses. In addition, the country has been grappling with political instability and corruption, which have undermined efforts to promote renewable energy and increase energy efficiency.
Another challenge to achieving SDG 7 in Lebanon is the impact of environmental degradation and climate change on energy systems. The country is facing increasing threats from climate change, including rising temperatures and more frequent extreme weather events, which are exacerbating existing challenges around energy security and access. At the same time, the country has significant potential for renewable energy, particularly solar and wind power, which could help to address energy security concerns and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Addressing these challenges will require sustained and coordinated efforts from the government, private sector, civil society organizations, and international partners, with a focus on promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency, improving energy infrastructure and access, addressing political and economic barriers to progress, and promoting a culture of sustainable energy use and conservation.
Lebanon has abundant renewable energy resources, particularly solar and wind energy. The country has several initiatives and programs in place that aim to promote renewable energy and energy efficiency, such as the National Renewable Energy Action Plan and the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Program. Moreover, Lebanon has a well-developed energy infrastructure that includes several power plants and a network of transmission and distribution lines. With the resources available, the infrastructure will have to be developed to accommodate the existing infrastructure. One additional note is that Lebanon’s import of solar energy panels and batteries rose from $54 million in 2021 to $930 million in 2022, almost all used by the private sector, mainly by the local population. The economic stress forced the population to adapt.
SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
Lebanon faces significant challenges in achieving SDG 8 and has long struggled with high levels of unemployment, particularly among young people, and low levels of economic growth. The recent economic crisis particularly has further exacerbated these challenges, with businesses facing significant financial pressures and job losses, specifically in sectors such as tourism, retail, and construction. In addition, the country has been grappling with political instability and corruption, which have undermined efforts to promote sustainable economic growth and job creation. The stagnation in the political arena caused stagnation in economy.
Another challenge to achieving SDG 8 in Lebanon is the impact of the Syrian refugee crisis on the labor market. The country has been hosting a large number of Syrian refugees since the start of the conflict in Syria, which has had significant impacts on the labor market, particularly in sectors such as agriculture, construction, and domestic work. The influx of refugees has created significant competition for jobs, with many refugees working in low-wage and precarious jobs with limited labor protections. Addressing these challenges will require sustained and coordinated efforts from the government, private sector, civil society organizations, and international partners, with a focus on promoting sustainable economic growth, improving labor protections and conditions, creating job opportunities for young people and vulnerable groups, addressing the root causes of unemployment and underemployment, and promoting a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation.
But Lebanon has a relatively diverse and dynamic economy that includes a range of sectors, such as tourism, finance, and services. The country also has a relatively high level of human capital and a skilled workforce, particularly in fields such as engineering, medicine, and IT. Moreover, Lebanon has a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem that includes several startups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as well as initiatives and programs that aim to promote economic development. The country has a highly educated population, with a literacy rate of over 93%, which provides a solid foundation for achieving many of the SDGs and to promote the economy. Additionally, Lebanon has a strategic location that allows it to serve as a gateway to the Middle East and Europe, making it an important trade and commerce hub in the region. This can revitalize the economy and contribute to creating jobs.
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
Lebanon has long struggled with limited investment in infrastructure, particularly in the areas of transport, telecommunications, and energy. The recent economic crisis has further exacerbated these challenges, with limited resources and funding available for infrastructure projects, and reduced access to basic services for households and businesses. In addition, the country has been grappling with political instability and corruption, which have undermined efforts to promote innovation and private sector investment in infrastructure.
Another challenge to achieving SDG 9 in Lebanon is the limited focus on research and development and innovation in the private sector. The country has a relatively low level of investment in research and development, particularly in the areas of science and technology, and limited collaboration between universities and the private sector. This has limited the capacity of the private sector to innovate and adapt to new challenges, and has limited the potential for the country to develop new industries and sectors. Addressing these challenges will require sustained and coordinated efforts from the government, private sector, civil society organizations, and international partners, with a focus on promoting investment in infrastructure, improving access to basic services, promoting innovation and research and development, addressing political and economic barriers to progress, and promoting a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation.
In looking closely though, it is evident that Lebanon has a relatively developed industrial sector, with industries such as food processing, textiles, and pharmaceuticals. The country also has a growing technology sector, with startups and innovative companies emerging in technology and e-commerce. Additionally, Lebanon has a well-developed telecommunications infrastructure, with high-speed internet and mobile networks available throughout the country, albeit such a network has not benn activated. These strengths provide a solid foundation for achieving SDG 9, and can help support the development of sustainable industries and innovative solutions to the challenges facing the country.
SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities
Lebanon faces significant challenges in terms of inequalities particularly in terms of income and wealth distribution, gender equality, and access to basic services such as education and healthcare.It has become even more difficult recently in light of the economic crisis with widening disparities between different socio-economic groups, and reduced access to basic services for marginalized and vulnerable groups. In addition, the country has been grappling with political instability and corruption, which have undermined efforts to promote social justice and reduce inequality.
Another challenge to achieving SDG 10 in Lebanon is the impact of the Syrian refugee crisis on social and economic inequalities. The large influx of refugees has created significant strains on the country’s infrastructure and services, particularly in areas such as housing, healthcare, and education. This has placed additional burdens on marginalized and vulnerable groups, particularly women and children, and has limited their access to basic services and opportunities. Addressing these challenges will require sustained and coordinated efforts from the government, private sector, civil society organizations, and international partners, with a focus on promoting social justice, reducing inequality, improving access to basic services, addressing discrimination and marginalization, and promoting a culture of tolerance and inclusion. In essence, opportunities are not widely available, and when they are, they are marred with biases.
But, Lebanon is a diverse and multicultural society, with different religious and ethnic groups living side by side. While this diversity can sometimes lead to tensions and conflicts, it also provides opportunities for cross-cultural exchange and cooperation. Lebanon has made progress in reducing poverty and improving access to basic services such as education and healthcare, although inequalities still exist, particularly between urban and rural areas. However, Lebanon has a relatively strong social safety net, with programs such as cash transfers and food assistance helping to support vulnerable populations. Additionally, civil society groups are actively working to promote social inclusion and address inequalities in the country.
SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
Lebanon is affected by urbanization and rapid population growth, which have placed significant strains on its urban infrastructure and services, particularly in areas such as transportation, housing, and waste management. The recent economic played an additional role limiting resources and funding available for urban development projects, and reducing access to basic services for households and businesses. In addition, the country has been grappling with political instability and corruption, which have undermined efforts to promote sustainable urbanization and improve urban living conditions.
Another challenge to achieving SDG 11 in Lebanon is the impact of climate change on the country’s urban areas. Lebanon is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including increased temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and rising sea levels, which can have significant impacts on its urban infrastructure and services, particularly in coastal areas. Addressing these challenges will require a focus on promoting sustainable urbanization, improving urban infrastructure and services, promoting environmental sustainability, and building resilience to the impacts of climate change. This will require innovative solutions and new approaches to urban planning, infrastructure development, and service delivery, with a focus on promoting social and environmental sustainability.
Lebanon has a rich architectural heritage, with historical cities such as Beirut, Tripoli, and Byblos attracting visitors from around the world. However, rapid urbanization and population growth have placed significant strain on the country’s infrastructure, leading to issues such as traffic congestion, pollution, and inadequate public services. Despite these challenges, Lebanon has made progress in promoting sustainable urban development, with initiatives such as the Beirut River Solar Snake and the ‘Habitat III National Report for Lebanon’ aiming to reduce the environmental impact of cities and promote sustainable lifestyles. Additionally, civil society groups are working to promote community-led development and participatory decision-making, which can help ensure that urban development is sustainable and equitable.
SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
Lebanon experiences unsustainable patterns of consumption and production, particularly in the areas of energy, water, and waste management. The recent economic crisis reduced access to basic services and opportunities for households and businesses. In addition, the country has been grappling with environmental degradation and pollution, which have undermined efforts to promote sustainable consumption and production.
Another challenge to achieving SDG 12 in Lebanon is the impact of the Syrian refugee crisis on natural resources and the environment. The large influx of refugees has created significant strains on the country’s natural resources and ecosystems, particularly in areas such as water resources, forests, and agricultural land. This has placed additional burdens on the country’s fragile environment and has limited its capacity to promote sustainable consumption and production practices. Addressing these challenges will require sustained and coordinated efforts from the government, private sector, civil society organizations, and international partners, with a focus on promoting sustainable consumption and production, improving natural resource management, addressing environmental pollution, and building resilience to the impacts of climate change. This will require innovative solutions and new approaches to sustainable development, with a focus on promoting environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and economic growth.
Lebanon has a vibrant culture of food and hospitality, with a diverse cuisine and a strong tradition of using local and seasonal ingredients. However, the country also faces challenges related to waste management and environmental degradation, particularly in urban areas. Despite these challenges, Lebanon has made progress in promoting responsible consumption and production, with initiatives such as the Zero Waste Lebanon campaign aiming to reduce waste and promote recycling. Additionally, civil society groups are working to promote sustainable tourism and encourage responsible consumption practices among consumers and businesses alike.
SDG 13: Climate Action
Lebanon experienced a range of climate-related impacts, including rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent and severe natural disasters such as floods, droughts, and wildfires. These impacts have significant implications for the country’s infrastructure, economy, and society, particularly in areas such as agriculture, tourism, and human health. Moreover, Lebanon is also a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the areas of energy, transportation, and waste management, and faces challenges in transitioning to a low-carbon economy.
Another challenge is that the country has been grappling with political instability, corruption, and conflicts for many years, which have undermined efforts to promote sustainable development and climate action. In addition, the recent economic and financial crisis has further reduced the capacity of the government and other stakeholders to address climate change, with limited resources and funding available for climate mitigation and adaptation measures.
Addressing these challenges will require a focus on promoting climate-resilient development, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and building resilience to the impacts of climate change. This will require innovative solutions and new approaches to sustainable development, with a focus on promoting social and environmental sustainability, economic growth, and political stability.
Lebanon is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including rising temperatures, more frequent droughts and heatwaves, and increased risk of forest fires. Despite these challenges, Lebanon has made progress in promoting climate action, with initiatives such as the National Climate Change Strategy aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote climate-resilient development. Additionally, civil society groups are working to raise awareness of climate change and promote individual and collective action to reduce environmental impact. Lebanon also has significant potential for renewable energy, particularly solar power, which can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and support sustainable development.
SDG 14: Life Below Water
Lebanon faces significant challenges in achieving SDG 14, particularly in light of the country’s location on the eastern Mediterranean coast and the significant pressures that it faces from human activities. The country’s marine and coastal ecosystems have been impacted by overfishing, pollution, coastal development, and climate change, which have all contributed to a decline in biodiversity and the degradation of important habitats such as coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and mangroves. This has significant implications for the country’s economy, particularly in the areas of fisheries, tourism, and recreation, as well as for the cultural and ecological value of these ecosystems.
Moreover, Lebanon also faces challenges in managing and protecting its marine and coastal areas, particularly in the context of limited resources and capacity. The country has limited legal frameworks and institutional structures in place for marine and coastal management, which has led to a fragmented approach to marine conservation and unsustainable development practices.
The country’s political instability and conflicts have undermined the efforts to promote sustainable development and marine conservation. Addressing these challenges will require a focus on promoting sustainable and equitable use of marine resources, protecting and restoring important habitats and ecosystems, and building capacity for marine management and conservation. This will require innovative solutions and new approaches to marine conservation, with a focus on promoting social and environmental sustainability, economic growth, and political stability.
Lebanon has a long coastline along the Mediterranean Sea, which is home to a diverse array of marine life. However, the country also faces significant challenges related to marine pollution, overfishing, and coastal erosion. Despite these challenges, Lebanon has made progress in promoting marine conservation and sustainable fisheries, with initiatives such as the Lebanon Marine Protected Areas project aiming to protect important marine habitats and promote sustainable fishing practices. Additionally, civil society groups are working to raise awareness of the importance of marine conservation and promote sustainable tourism practices that minimize the impact on coastal ecosystems. There is also advanced research on this subject relevant to Lebanon from the national universities, but without any actual consideration in governance.
SDG 15: Life on Land
Lebanon faces significant challenges in achieving SDG 15, particularly in light of the country’s high population density, urbanization, and agricultural practices that have put significant pressures on the country’s natural resources and biodiversity. Deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion, and habitat fragmentation have all contributed to a decline in biodiversity and the degradation of important ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, and rangelands. This has significant implications for the country’s economy, particularly in the areas of agriculture, tourism, and recreation, as well as for the cultural and ecological value of these ecosystems.
Moreover, Lebanon also faces challenges in managing and protecting its natural resources and ecosystems, particularly in the context of limited resources and capacity. The country has limited legal frameworks and institutional structures in place for natural resource management, which has led to a fragmented approach to conservation and unsustainable development practices.
Addressing this point requires a focus on promoting sustainable and equitable use of natural resources, protecting and restoring important habitats and ecosystems, and building capacity for natural resource management and conservation. This will require innovative solutions and new approaches to conservation, with a focus on promoting social and environmental sustainability, economic growth, and political stability.
Lebanon has made efforts to conserve and sustainably manage its terrestrial and marine biodiversity. It has established protected areas, such as the Horsh Ehden Nature Reserve, Tannourine Cedars Forest Nature Reserve, and Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve, to preserve its unique ecosystem and promote sustainable tourism. The country has also adopted the National Strategy for Forests and Trees and implemented afforestation programs, such as the Green Lebanon initiative, to increase the forest cover and combat deforestation. Furthermore, Lebanon has launched campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of preserving biodiversity and promoting sustainable use of natural resources.
SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
Lebanon has faced significant challenges in promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions, particularly in the context of its complex sectarian and political system. Corruption, nepotism, and clientelism have long been prevalent in the country, and have undermined the rule of law and institutions of governance. The country has also been affected by a history of conflict and instability, including the Lebanese Civil War, which has left deep scars on the country’s social fabric and political institutions. In recent years, the economic strain have eroded public trust in institutions and deepened divisions between different sectarian and political groups, leaving most of the country’s institutions in shambles.
Moreover, Lebanon has also faced significant challenges in promoting human rights and social justice, particularly in the context of discrimination against marginalized groups such as refugees, migrant workers, and women. Discrimination and prejudice against Syrian refugees have been particularly prevalent, with many facing limited access to basic services such as education, healthcare, and employment. Similarly, migrant workers have also faced significant challenges in accessing legal protections and fair working conditions, with many experiencing abuse and exploitation. Addressing these challenges will require a comprehensive approach that includes promoting transparency, accountability, and good governance, as well as promoting human rights and social justice for all members of society, particularly those who are most vulnerable and marginalized. This will require a focus on building strong institutions, promoting social and political inclusion, and addressing structural inequalities and discrimination.
The framework for reform is available though. Lebanon has a well-established legal and institutional framework, with a constitution that guarantees freedom of expression, association, and assembly. The country has an independent judiciary and active civil society, which provide oversight and accountability mechanisms. Lebanon has also ratified several international human rights conventions and has implemented policies to promote human rights, such as the National Human Rights Institute and the National Committee on the Follow-up of Women’s Issues. Despite the challenges facing the country, Lebanon remains a model of pluralism and coexistence, where different ethnic and religious groups live together and participate in the decision-making process. However, the recent political and economic crisis has put pressure on these institutions and threatened the country’s stability.
SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals)
Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Lebanon will require strong partnerships and cooperation across different sectors and stakeholders. However, the country’s political and economic crises have undermined its ability to build effective partnerships and collaborate effectively towards common goals. The government’s limited capacity and resources, combined with a lack of trust and coordination between different actors, have hampered efforts to promote sustainable development and address the country’s pressing challenges. Moreover, the country’s complex sectarian and political system has often prioritized short-term political interests over long-term planning and sustainable development, which has further hindered the development of effective partnerships and cooperation between different actors.
Addressing these challenges will require a comprehensive approach that includes building trust, promoting dialogue and collaboration, and strengthening institutional capacity and coordination. This will require sustained efforts from different stakeholders, including the government, civil society organizations, the private sector, and international partners, to work together towards common goals and priorities. The government will need to play a key role in promoting an enabling environment for partnerships, including by promoting transparency, accountability, and good governance, and by engaging in constructive dialogue with different stakeholders.
Similarly, civil society organizations and the private sector can play a key role in promoting social and environmental responsibility, innovation, and inclusivity, and in advocating for policies and practices that promote sustainable development and partnerships. Finally, international partners can support Lebanon’s efforts through providing technical and financial assistance, as well as by promoting knowledge-sharing, capacity building, and partnerships between different actors.
Lebanon has made significant efforts to foster partnerships with international organizations, governments, and civil society to achieve the SDGs. The country has hosted several international conferences and events to mobilize resources and promote collaboration. Lebanon has also collaborated with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to develop the National Voluntary Review, which monitors the country’s progress towards achieving the SDGs.
Furthermore, the private sector in Lebanon has demonstrated a growing interest in corporate social responsibility and sustainable development, with several companies implementing sustainable business practices and partnering with non-governmental organizations to promote social and environmental initiatives. Despite the challenges facing the country, Lebanon has shown resilience and determination to work towards the SDGs, and its partnerships with various stakeholders have been instrumental in advancing its sustainable development agenda.
In conclusion, Lebanon faces significant challenges in achieving the SDGs, but the country has demonstrated a commitment to sustainable development through its efforts to implement policies and programs that address these challenges. Despite the setbacks caused by the economic and political crises, the country has shown resilience and resourcefulness in finding innovative solutions to the complex problems it faces. Lebanon’s geographical location, cultural diversity, and highly educated population offer potential for the country to become a regional hub for sustainable development.
However, achieving the SDGs in Lebanon will require the commitment and cooperation of all stakeholders, including the government, civil society, the private sector, and the international community. There is a need for a comprehensive and coordinated approach that prioritizes the most critical needs of the country, such as poverty reduction, improving healthcare, and addressing environmental issues. There is also a need for increased investment in infrastructure, education, and innovation to enhance the country’s economic potential and create opportunities for its citizens.
Overall, achieving the SDGs in Lebanon is not an easy task, but it is a crucial one for the country’s future prosperity and well-being. By working together and leveraging its strengths, Lebanon can overcome the challenges it faces and build a sustainable and prosperous future for all its citizens. This requires a change in mentality, operational governance and investment goals on a governmental level in the first place. This can only be aided through assistance from the international community as the current crisis will allow the situation to linger indefinitely. Due to its small size and small population, Lebanon has the capacity to achieve these goals fast enough with the proper aid and direction.
